南京市紫外线辐射强度的变化及影响因子   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毛宇清  沈澄  姜爱军  严文莲  叶香 《气象科学》2011,31(5):621-625

利用南京市2005-02—2009-01共4 a的紫外线辐射观测资料,分析了到达地面的紫外线辐射强度的变化特征,并探讨了云、污染物浓度和雾、霾天气等对紫外线辐射强度的影响。结果表明,低云量对紫外线强度的衰减更明显,最大达58.15%,蔽光性云层对紫外线辐射强度的衰减可达71%～80%;紫外线辐射强度与污染物浓度呈负相关,其中与NO2的相关性最好,为-0.39;晴空条件下,严重霾对紫外线辐射强度的衰减率可达20%以上,浓雾对紫外线辐射强度的衰减接近50%。  相似文献   

1951—2009年中国地表湿润状况变化趋势研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王文  王劲廷 《气象与环境学报》2011,27(5):1-6

利用1951—2009年中国160站的月降水和月平均温度资料,通过计算地表湿润指数,在分析其与降水及气温联系的基础上,探讨了中国区域平均地表湿润指数的年代际变化特征差异,给出了地表湿润指数年趋势的地理分布。结果表明：1951—2009年,中国北方的西北地区东部、华北和东北地区长江中下游地区及东南部分地区以干旱化趋势为主...  相似文献   

2011年4月江西降水异常偏少的初步诊断分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马锋敏  张超美  张传江  廖敏 《气象与减灾研究》2011,(4):16-22

利用1959-2011年北半球500 hPa高度格点资料、74项环流特征量资料和1974-2011年NOAA OLR月平均资料,结合江西83个气象观测站的1959-2011年4月降水资料,对2011年4月江西降水异常偏少成因进行了初步诊断分析.结果表明:江西省4月降水有一定的周期性,2011年4月降水处于少雨期;La ...  相似文献   

防静电环氧地坪的防雷检测方法探讨     

黄文标 《气象研究与应用》2011,32(3):94-96

通过对静电的特点与危害进行分析,提出了广泛应用于大型防静电场地或防爆场所防静电环氧地坪的防雷检测方法。  相似文献   

Surface circulation downstream of the Point Arena upwelling center     

Christopher M. Halle  John L. Largier 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(12):1260-1272

Measurements from recently installed 5 MHz high-frequency radar (CODAR) stations south of Point Arena, California, are used to describe surface current patterns during the upwelling season (June-August 2007). The systems provide hourly current maps on a 5-km grid, covering a region from approximately 10 to 150 km offshore (the continental shelf into the deep ocean). These HF-radar observations provide an unprecedented view of circulation in this “coastal transition zone”, between the wind-driven circulation over the shelf and the California Current circulation offshore. Circulation patterns include: (1) bifurcation of the coastal upwelling jet downstream of Point Arena into an along-shelf (down-coast) branch and an offshore branch, and (2) a large-scale anticyclonic meander that often develops into an eddy-like recirculation south of the bifurcation. The “recirculation” feature extends well offshore, with surface currents 50-100 km from the coast consistently opposing the wind stress. The spatial and temporal evolution of the surface current features during upwelling events affects surface transport from Point Arena to areas in the south, increasing the travel time of a substantial fraction of newly upwelled water from a few days to roughly two weeks. Thus, surface currents even far offshore influence coastal transport of nutrients, phytoplankton and larvae on ecologically relevant timescales, with resultant connectivity patterns very different than implied by a simple examination of the mean flow.  相似文献   

Influence of spatial variations of microtopography and infiltration on surface runoff and field scale hydrological connectivity   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Willemijn M. Appels  Patrick W. BogaartSjoerd E.A.T.M. van der Zee 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(2):303-313

Surface runoff on agricultural fields arises when rainfall exceeds infiltration. Excess water ponding in and flowing through local microtopography increases the hydrological connectivity of fields. In turn, an increased level of hydrological connectivity leads to a higher surface runoff flux at the field boundaries. We investigated the functional hydrological connectivity of synthetical elevation fields with varying statistical properties. For this purpose, we developed an object-oriented ponding and redistribution model to which Philip’s infiltration model was coupled. The connectivity behaviour is determined by the presence of depressions with a large area and spatial organization of microtopography in rills or channels. The presence of microdepressions suppresses the effect of the spatial variation of infiltration properties. Connectivity behaviour of a field with a varying spatial distribution of infiltration properties can be predicted by transforming the unique connectivity function that was defined for a designated microtopography.  相似文献   

考虑震源破裂过程的青海玉树地震震动图研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈鲲  俞言祥  高孟潭  吕红山 《中国地震》2011,27(1):56-64

为了在缺少实时台站数据的情况下,研究震后地表地震动分布,本文尝试通过对震源做出某些约束,以提高震动图的精度.由于青海玉树地震的发震断层近似直立(倾向83°),震源破裂过程在时间和空间上呈明显的分区特征,分别考虑了地表破裂的线源发生模型和主震震级分解方法,用考虑了场地效应的震动图快速生成方法生成震动图.将两种方法生成的震动图与调查烈度比较.结果表明,基于震源破裂过程对主震震级进行分解,综合考虑各子事件生成震动图的方法,对震后的应急决策和灾情的快速评估是可行的.  相似文献   

地震红外长波辐射短期异常特征分析     

李继业  任建辉  高峰  胡滨生  孟令蕾 《中国地震》2011,27(4):410-418

利用NOAA卫星资料反演的地震长波辐射值OLR对黑龙江及其周边2003年以来8次中强地震进行了追踪研究.结果显示,震前2个月左右OLR场值存在明显的高值异常区,未来震中距离高值区中心点250km(优势距离为160km).该方法对黑龙江及其周边4级以上地震短期判定可能具有一定的指示价值,也为利用卫星遥感技术预测未来可能发震区域并及时做出短期预测预警提供了新途径.  相似文献   

OLR方法在黑龙江地区中强地震前异常现象的探讨     

王春  齐晓燕  高峰 《地震地磁观测与研究》2011,32(6):8-12

利用卫星遥感长波辐射(OLR)资料,分析黑龙江省2004年-2008年发生的几次ML 4.0以上中强地震前的OLR资料,发现地震发生前,在震中附近地区有长波辐射增强的特征,可能与强震孕育过程中的热状态有关,识别和提取卫星对地遥感红外波段的热兆信息,可望在中强地震监测预报的层面上有新的突破.  相似文献   

Surface energy and water vapor fluxes observed in a desert plantation in central Iran   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Oliphant  P. Zawar-rezaG. Azizi  A. DehghanpourJ. Harrison 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(10):926-935

Summertime observations of surface radiation budget, energy balance and atmospheric surface layer meteorology were made on an arid valley floor planted with Haloxylon aphyllum to combat desertification in central Iran. The surface microclimate is characterized and compared with other arid regions and the role of ‘desert greening’ on surface fluxes is considered. A high surface albedo (0.265) and large longwave radiation loss produced relatively low net radiation. Energy partitioning was dominated by sensible and ground heat fluxes with opposing diurnal asymmetry governed by strong diurnal variability in eddy diffusivity. The Bowen ratio was 2.53, which fell inside the range of other vegetated arid surfaces. Surface temperature gradients were strong both in the atmospheric surface layer and in the substrate, with consistent lapse conditions by day and inversions at night. The wind regime included a moderate daytime regional wind which displayed Coriolis turning and weaker nocturnal slope flows. Actual evapotranspiration (1 mm dy⁻¹) was only a small fraction of potential evapotranspiration. The diurnal pattern of AET indicates strong stomatal control. The desert greening effect of Haloxylon plantations provided atmospheric water and reduced sensible heat flux by up to 40%.  相似文献